🏛️
System Design Interview
Scalable architecture, distributed systems, and real case studies (Twitter, Uber, Dropbox…).
Curriculum · 986 lessons
01The Task Queue Architectureintro4m02Load Balancingintro4m03Sticky Sessionsintro4m04Designing a REST APIintro5m05Lamport Timestampsintro4m06Point to Point vs Publish Subscribeintro4m07RESTful Resource Modelingintro4m08Structured Loggingintro4m09How a CDN Worksintro4m10Centralized vs Federated Identityintro4m11The Fixed Window Counterintro4m12The Object Storage Modelintro4m13The OLAP Cubeintro4m14The Notification Service Architectureintro4m15The URL Shortener Designintro4m16The Cache Aside Patternintro4m17The Monolith to Microservicesintro4m18The Message Queue vs Logintro4m19Failure Modes Overviewintro4m20REST API Design Principlesintro4m21Back of the Envelope Estimationintro4m22Latency vs Throughputintro4m23The Eight Fallacies of Distributed Computingintro4m24Containers and Dockerintro4m25The Three Tier Architectureintro4m26The Request Reply Patternintro4m27Horizontal Scaling with Stateless Servicesintro3m28Message Broker Internalsintro4m29Search Architecture Overviewintro4m30Authentication versus Authorizationintro4m31The Batch Processing Modelintro4m32The Collaborative Editing Problemintro4m33The Time Series Data Modelintro4m34Service Mesh Architecture Deep Diveintro4m35The Trace and Span Modelintro4m36Warehouse vs Lake vs Lakehouseintro4m37The Cache Hierarchy From CPU to CDNintro4m38The Inverted Indexintro4m39The Publish Subscribe at Scaleintro4m40The News Feed Problemintro4m41The CDN Architectureintro4m42File System Basicsintro4m43Horizontal versus Vertical Scalingintro4m44Content Delivery Networksintro3m45Dead Letter Queuesintro4m46GraphQL versus REST Tradeoffsintro4m47The Four Golden Signalsintro4m48Metrics Counters Gauges Histogramsintro4m49The Double Entry Ledgerintro4m50Geohash Encodingintro4m51The Burst Allowanceintro4m52The Bucket and Key Namespaceintro3m53Synchronous vs Asynchronous Replicationintro4m54The Game Server Architectureintro4m55Batch vs Streaming ETLintro4m56The Product Catalog Serviceintro4m57The Twitter Timeline at Scaleintro4m58Event Notification vs Event Carried Stateintro4m59Latency Percentiles p50 and p99intro4m60CDN Offloadintro3m61Heartbeating and Timeoutsintro4m62The Double Entry Ledger Deep Diveintro4m63Cart and Checkout Stateintro4m64The Authoritative Game Serverintro4m65The Priority Job Queueintro4m66The Requirements Clarification Stepintro4m67Microservices vs Monolithintro4m68Blue Green Deploymentintro4m69Feature Flagsintro4m70Graceful Degradationintro4m71API Gateway Responsibilitiesintro4m72Failure Detection with Heartbeatsintro4m73gRPC and Protobuf in Servicesintro4m74Stateless Service Designintro4m75Defining Good SLOsintro4m76Message Acknowledgement Modesintro4m77HATEOAS and Hypermediaintro4m78The Session Store Designintro4m79Tokenization and Analysisintro4m80Currency and Money Representationintro4m81The Quadtreeintro4m82The Rate Limit Response Headersintro4m83The Columnar Analytics Engineintro4m84Multi Channel Deliveryintro4m85The Authoritative Server Modelintro4m86The Base62 Encoding For Idsintro4m87The Read Through Cacheintro4m88Service Decomposition by Domainintro4m89The Edge PoP and Originintro4m90Data Warehouse vs Data Lakeintro4m91Health Checks And Readinessintro4m92Resource Naming Conventionsintro3m93QPS and Traffic Estimationintro4m94Consistency vs Availabilityintro4m95The Partial Failure Modelintro4m96Kubernetes Pods and Servicesintro4m97The Load Balancer Placementintro4m98The Publish Subscribe Patternintro4m99Connection Reuse and Poolingintro4m100Partition Assignmentintro4m101The Service Registryintro4m102The Crawler and Indexerintro4m103The Stream Processing Modelintro4m104Presence and Cursorsintro4m105The Metrics Ingestion Pipelineintro4m106The Sidecar Proxy and Envoyintro4m107Context Propagation Deep Diveintro4m108Personalization in Commerceintro4m109Batch vs Stream Processingintro4m110Push vs Pull CDNintro4m111The Heartbeat and Reconnectintro4m112Fan Out On Writeintro4m113Shopping Cart Designintro4m114The Instagram Feed and Storiesintro4m115The Event Sourcing Patternintro4m116The Capacity Estimation Stepintro4m117Block vs Object vs File Storageintro5m118The Immutable Ledger Designintro4m119The Three Pillars Of Observabilityintro4m120Edge Caching and Cache Keysintro4m121The Bloom Filter for Cache Missesintro4m122Semi Synchronous Replicationintro4m123Apache Kafka Partitionsintro4m124Password Storage Best Practicesintro5m125Designing Idempotent APIsintro5m126API Rate Limit Response Headerscore4m127Error Response Designcore4m128Tiered Storage Hot Warm Coldcore4m129Great Circle Distancecore4m130Data Catalog and Lineagecore4m131Lifecycle Policiescore4m132Labels and Dimensionscore4m133The Star Schemacore4m134Negative Cachingcore4m135Partial Responses Field Selectioncore4m136Synthetic Monitoringcore4m137Autocomplete with Triescore5m138Rate Limit By Api Key vs Ip vs Usercore4m139The Pastebin Designcore4m140Dashboard Design Principlescore4m141The Dead Letter Topiccore4m142Cart Abandonment Recoverycore4m143The Build vs Buy Decisioncore5m144Serverless Functionscore4m145The Message Filtercore4m146API Authentication Patternscore5m147Faceted Navigationcore4m148JWT Structure and Claimscore5m149Rate Limitingcore4m150Read Repaircore4m151Token Bucket vs Leaky Bucketcore4m152Leader Follower Replicationcore5m153Design a URL Shortenercore5m154The Competing Consumers Patterncore5m155The ETL vs ELT Pipelinecore4m156Message Deduplicationcore5m157Delay and Scheduled Messagescore4m158Poison Message Handlingcore4m159API Versioning URL vs Headercore5m160The Identity Provider and Service Providercore4m161Scope and Claim Designcore4m162Storage Classes Hot Cold Archivecore5m163User Preference And Opt Outcore5m164The Digest And Batchingcore5m165The Log Aggregation Pipelinecore5m166The Write Through Cachecore4m167The Write Around Cachecore4m168Cache Eviction LRUcore4m169The Cache Warmingcore4m170The Medallion Bronze Silver Goldcore5m171Redundancy And Replication For HAcore5m172HTTP Verbs and Idempotencycore5m173Filtering and Sorting Paramscore4m174API Documentation with OpenAPIcore4m175Storage Estimationcore5m176Synchronous vs Asynchronouscore5m177The Point To Point Channelcore4m178Security Audit Loggingcore5m179Message TTL and Expirycore4m180Term Frequency Normalizationcore4m181Session versus Token Authenticationcore5m182Retention Policiescore4m183The Transaction Journalcore4m184The Claim Check Patterncore5m185Runbooks and On Callcore5m186TTL and Stale While Revalidatecore5m187The On Call Rotationcore4m188Faceted Search and Filterscore5m189Delayed and Scheduled Jobscore5m190Soft vs Hard Limitscore4m191Upload and Download Throttlingcore4m192The Replication Lag Impactcore5m193Partition Pruningcore4m194The Tick Rate And Simulationcore5m195Fan Out On Readcore4m196The Backend for Frontendcore4m197The Schema Registrycore5m198The Event Time vs Processing Timecore5m199Cohesion and Couplingcore5m200Encryption in Transit and at Restcore5m201The API Design Stepcore5m202Async Processing Offloadcore4m203The Append Only Log Storagecore5m204Spelling Correctioncore4m205Columnar Processingcore5m206Span Attributes and Eventscore4m207Entity Interpolationcore5m208Priority Queues for Workcore5m209Blameless Postmortemscore5m210Real User Monitoringcore4m211Static Site Generation and Edge Cachingcore5m212The Dead Letter Queue for Jobscore4m213Service Level Indicatorscore4m214Orchestration with DAGscore5m215Peak vs Average Loadcore4m216Push vs Pullcore5m217Feature Flags Rolloutcore4m218The Splitter Patterncore4m219The Capacity Buffercore4m220Distributed Configuration Managementcore5m221Autocomplete Suggestion Rankingcore4m222The Push Gateway Patterncore4m223Message Queuescore4m224Cursor vs Offset Paginationcore5m225Dead Letter Handling in Streamscore5m226The Shared Nothing Architecturecore5m227Error Budgets and Policycore5m228The Medallion Architecturecore4m229Write Through vs Write Back vs Write Aroundcore5m230Pagination Offset Cursor Keysetcore5m231Log Aggregation Pipelinescore5m232Cache Invalidation at the Edgecore5m233The Search Query Parsercore5m234The Payment State Machinecore5m235The Fan Out Servicecore5m236The R Treecore5m237The Sliding Window Logcore5m238Multipart Uploadcore5m239The Consistency vs Latency Tradeoffcore4m240The MapReduce Paradigmcore5m241Client Side Predictioncore5m242The Timeline Cachecore4m243The Rate Limiter Design Recapcore5m244Metric Types Counter Gauge Histogramcore5m245The API Composition Patterncore4m246Cache Hit Ratio Optimizationcore5m247The Consumer Group Rebalancingcore5m248Windowing in Stream Processingcore5m249Star and Snowflake Schemacore5m250The Inventory Management Systemcore5m251Bandwidth Estimationcore4m252Normalization vs Denormalizationcore5m253Network Partition Handlingcore5m254The YouTube Video Pipelinecore5m255Kubernetes Deployment and Scalingcore5m256The Reverse Proxy and Static Assetscore4m257The Message Routercore4m258The CQRS Patterncore5m259Request Coalescing Recapcore4m260The Data Model Stepcore5m261Sharding by Tenantcore4m262Immutable Data and Snapshotscore5m263Consumer Offset Trackingcore5m264Lease Based Lockingcore4m265Document Ranking Signalscore5m266TOTP and HOTP One Time Codescore5m267Windowing Strategiescore5m268The Awareness Protocolcore5m269Downsampling and Rollupscore5m270Control Plane vs Data Planecore5m271The W3C Trace Context Standardcore5m272The Balance Computation Strategiescore5m273Oversell Preventioncore4m274Tick Rate And Simulationcore5m275API Gatewayscore4m276Graceful Shutdown and Drainingcore5m277Message Ordering Guaranteescore5m278Autoscaling Policiescore5m279Feature Flags for Safe Rolloutcore5m280Data Lineage and Catalogingcore4m281Object vs Block vs File Storagecore5m282The Backend for Frontend Patterncore5m283The HLS and DASH Protocolscore5m284Query Understanding and Synonymscore5m285At Least Once Job Executioncore5m286Client Side Rate Limitingcore4m287The CDN for Object Deliverycore5m288Read After Write Consistencycore5m289The Leaderboard With Redis Sorted Setscore5m290Feed Pagination With Cursorscore4m291The Alert Fatigue Problemcore4m292The Service Discoverycore4m293File Formats Parquet ORC Avrocore5m294Stateless vs Stateful Servicescore5m295WAF and Bot Protectioncore5m296Snapshotting for Event Sourcingcore4m297Protocol Overhead Reductioncore4m298The Cost Considerationscore4m299Caching Layers Cascadecore4m300Data Placement and Localitycore5m301The Distributed Countercore5m302Matchmaking By Ratingcore5m303Caching strategies & invalidationcore6m304Replicationcore4m305Distributed Transactionscore5m306The Outbox Patterncore5m307Canary Releasescore4m308Idempotent Consumerscore5m309API Versioning Strategiescore5m310The Two Generals Problemcore4m311Clock Synchronization and NTPcore5m312Design a Notification Systemcore6m313Design Instagram Photo Sharingcore6m314Design a Distributed Countercore5m315Design a Remote Config Servicecore5m316Apache Kafka Fundamentalscore5m317Partitioning for Parallelismcore5m318Capacity Headroom and Load Testingcore5m319The Dead Letter Queue Revisitedcore5m320Columnar Formats Parquet and ORCcore5m321At Most Once vs At Least Once vs Exactly Oncecore5m322The Priority Queue Brokercore4m323The Dead Letter Exchangecore4m324Pagination Tokens and Cursorscore5m325Webhooks vs Pollingcore5m326Cache Eviction Policies LRU LFU FIFOcore5m327Idempotency for Write APIscore5m328Dashboards And Golden Signalscore5m329The Origin Shieldcore5m330Stateless JWT Sessions Tradeoffscore5m331Single Sign On Architecturecore5m332The Authorization Servercore5m333Idempotent Payment Processingcore5m334WebSocket Connection Managementcore5m335Map Tile Servingcore5m336Job Retries With Backoffcore5m337Observability for Job Pipelinescore5m338The Token Bucket Algorithmcore5m339The Presigned URLcore5m340Chunked File Storagecore5m341Deduplication Of Notificationscore5m342Rate Limiting Per User Notificationscore5m343Priority And Urgency Levelscore5m344Template Rendering And Localizationcore5m345The Notification Status Trackingcore5m346The Realtime State Synccore5m347Feed Ranking Signalscore4m348TTL And Expiry Strategiescore5m349The Negative Cachingcore4m350The Database per Servicecore4m351Cache Key Normalizationcore5m352Log Compaction in Kafkacore5m353The Lakehouse Architecturecore5m354The Checkout Flowcore5m355Active Passive Failovercore5m356Rate Limiting Headerscore4m357Read Write Ratio Analysiscore4m358The SQL vs NoSQL Choicecore5m359The Consensus Problemcore5m360The Netflix Streaming Architecturecore5m361Infrastructure as Codecore5m362The Sticky Sessions vs Shared Storecore4m363The Message Translatorcore4m364Least Privilege at Scalecore5m365The Read Model Projectioncore5m366Batching for Throughputcore5m367The High Level Diagram Stepcore5m368Read Replica Fan Outcore4m369The Distributed File Systemcore6m370Dead Letter Queue Handlingcore5m371The Distributed Lock Servicecore5m372The Inverted Index Buildcore5m373SAML Federationcore6m374The Lambda Architecture Deep Divecore5m375Conflict Resolution Mergecore5m376The Prometheus Pull Modelcore5m377Traffic Management and Routingcore5m378The Service Dependency Mapcore4m379The Escrow And Holds Deep Divecore5m380Inventory Reservation Deep Divecore5m381Capacity Planning And Headroomcore5m382Request Timeouts and Budgetscore5m383The Data Lake and Warehousecore5m384Idempotent Stream Consumerscore5m385Thundering Herd and Jittered Retriescore5m386Slowly Changing Dimensionscore5m387Data Replication Factor Tradeoffscore5m388Bulk and Batch Endpointscore5m389Adaptive Bitrate Streamingcore5m390Near Real Time Indexingcore5m391Handling Payment Retries Safelycore5m392Geofencingcore5m393The Worker Pool Scalingcore5m394The Leaky Bucket Algorithmcore5m395The Metadata Service for Filescore5m396Monotonic Read Consistencycore4m397The Bloom Filter for Analyticscore5m398The Matchmaking Servicecore5m399The Post Storage And Mediacore4m400The Notification System Design Recapcore5m401Trace Context Propagationcore5m402The Strangler Fig Migrationcore5m403The Purge and Invalidationcore5m404Shipping and Fulfillmentcore5m405Simplicity vs Flexibilitycore5m406Leader Election Algorithmscore5m407The CORS and Security Headerscore5m408Idempotent Event Consumerscore4m409Compression Tradeoffscore5m410The Monitoring and Alerting Mentioncore4m411Database Connection Limitscore4m412Replication for Durabilitycore5m413Broker Monitoring Metricscore5m414Membership and Gossipcore5m415OpenID Connect and the ID Tokencore5m416Predicate Pushdown Deep Divecore5m417Comment and Annotation Synccore5m418Alerting Rules Evaluationcore5m419Observability in the Meshcore5m420The Multi Currency Ledgercore5m421Fulfillment and Shippingcore5m422Game Session Lifecyclecore5m423Database Shardingcore4m424Tail Latency And P99core5m425Retries With Backoff and Jittercore5m426Stream Processing Windowingcore5m427Database Connection Proxycore5m428Percentile Latency and Tail Tolerancecore5m429Idempotent Data Pipelinescore5m430Rate Limiting Strategiescore5m431Distributed Tracing Spans And Contextcore5m432Edge Compute and Workerscore5m433TF IDF and BM25 Rankingcore6m434Reconciliation Jobscore5m435The Presence Systemcore5m436Proximity Search For Nearby Driverscore5m437The Rate Limited Consumercore5m438The Sliding Window Countercore5m439Versioning and Immutabilitycore5m440Materialized View Refreshcore5m441Server Reconciliationcore5m442The EdgeRank Style Scoringcore4m443The Unique Id Generation Snowflakecore5m444The Time Series Database for Metricscore5m445The Circuit Breaker Pattern Recapcore4m446The Offset Commit Semanticscore5m447The Kafka Streams Topologycore5m448The Order Management Systemcore5m449Memory and Cache Sizingcore5m450Vertical vs Horizontal Scaling Revisitedcore5m451The WhatsApp Messaging Scalecore5m452Cold Start in Serverlesscore4m453The Session Management Strategiescore5m454The Content Based Routercore5m455The Secrets Management Vaultcore5m456The Event Store Designcore5m457Tail Latency Amplificationcore5m458The Deep Dive on a Bottleneckcore5m459Queue Based Load Levelingcore4m460The Write Ahead Log Patterncore5m461At Least Once Consumercore5m462Leader Election with Raftcore5m463Query Parsing and Rewritingcore5m464The Kappa Architecture Deep Divecore5m465CRDT for Sequencescore5m466Histogram Metricscore5m467Sampling Head vs Tailcore5m468The Payment State Machine Deep Divecore5m469Idempotent Order Creationcore4m470Matchmaking Pools And Queuescore5m471The Circuit Breakercore4m472The Bulkhead Patterncore5m473Read Your Own Writescore4m474The Kappa Architecturecore5m475Consumer Groups and Rebalancingcore5m476Leaky Bucket versus Token Bucketcore5m477Graceful Degradation Patternscore5m478The Dead Letter Table Patterncore4m479API Gateway Aggregationcore5m480Alerting On Symptoms Not Causescore5m481Image and Video Transcoding Pipelinescore6m482The Escrow and Hold Patterncore5m483The Notification Delivery Pipelinecore5m484The Visibility Timeoutcore5m485The Primary Backup Protocolcore4m486The Shuffle and Sort Phasecore5m487The Elo And Matchmaking Ratingcore5m488Deduplication And Freshnesscore4m489The News Feed Design Recapcore5m490The Event Driven Microservicescore5m491Signed URLs and Tokenscore5m492Dimensional Modelingcore5m493Search and Filtering for Productscore5m494Server Count Estimationcore4m495The Slack Realtime Messagingcore5m496Immutable Infrastructurecore4m497The Server Side vs Client Rendering Tradeoffcore5m498DDoS Mitigationcore5m499The Outbox Pattern Revisitedcore5m500CPU Profiling and Flamegraphscore5m501The Tradeoff Discussioncore5m502Garbage Collection Storagecore5m503Delayed Message Deliverycore5m504The Distributed Schedulercore5m505Search Latency Optimizationcore5m506OAuth2 Authorization Code Flowcore6m507The Document Sync Protocolcore5m508Remote Write Storagecore5m509Canary and Blue Green in the Meshcore5m510The Chargeback And Dispute Flowcore5m511The Thundering Herd Problemcore5m512Monotonic Readscore4m513The Lambda Architecturecore5m514Retries Idempotency and At Least Oncecore5m515Cache Stampede and Request Collapsingcore5m516TLS Termination at the Edgecore5m517Fuzzy Search and Edit Distancecore5m518Location Update Ingestioncore5m519Idempotent Job Handlerscore5m520The Retry After Backoffcore5m521Consistent Prefix Readscore4m522The Streaming Aggregationcore5m523The Interest Managementcore5m524The Hybrid Fan Out For Celebritiescore5m525Distributed Tracing and Spanscore5m526The Edge Compute Functionscore5m527Backpressure in Streamingcore5m528Payment Integrationcore5m529Distributed Deadlockcore5m530The Uber Dispatch Systemcore5m531The Rate Limiting at the Edgecore5m532The Dead Letter Channelcore4m533Eventual Consistency in CQRScore5m534Hedged Requestscore5m535Handling Scale Follow Upscore5m536Autoscale on Custom Metricscore4m537Cron at Scalecore5m538Broadcast Joins Deep Divecore5m539Access Control for Collaborationcore5m540Retry and Timeout Policiescore5m541Baggage Propagationcore4m542The Reconciliation Deep Divecore5m543Catalog Search Rankingcore5m544Idempotency keyscore5m545The CAP Theoremcore4m546The Saga Patterncore5m547Gossip Protocolcore5m548The Sidecar Patterncore4m549Exactly Once Deliverycore5m550The Raft Consensus Algorithmcore6m551Multi Leader Replicationcore5m552Leaderless Replicationcore5m553Design a Rate Limitercore6m554Design a Realtime Leaderboardcore6m555Design a Twitter Timelinecore6m556Design a Feature Flag Servicecore6m557Design an Image Processing Pipelinecore6m558Strangler Fig for Legacy APIscore5m559Sampling Tracescore5m560Multi CDN Strategycore5m561The Refresh Token Rotation Flowcore5m562The API Key Management Systemcore5m563Two Phase Commit for Paymentscore5m564Push Notification Architecturecore5m565Spark RDD and DataFramecore5m566Push Notification Token Managementcore5m567The Unsubscribe Compliancecore5m568The Typeahead Autocomplete Designcore5m569The Write Back Cachecore5m570Multi Tier Cachingcore5m571The CDN Caching Strategycore5m572The Adaptive Bitrate Streamingcore5m573Returns and Refunds Flowcore5m574Active Active Topologycore5m575Timeout Budgets And Cascadingcore5m576Brownout And Feature Flagscore5m577Pagination Patterns Cursor and Offsetcore5m578Latency Budget Allocationcore5m579Monolith vs Microservices Revisitedcore6m580The GitHub Code Hostingcore5m581Service Mesh Recapcore5m582The CDN for Static and Dynamiccore5m583Key Rotation and Managementcore5m584Event Schema Evolutioncore5m585Memory Profilingcore5m586The Consistency Questionscore5m587Priority Queues Designcore5m588Split Brain and Quorumcore5m589BM25 Deep Divecore5m590Operational Transformation Deep Divecore6m591The High Cardinality Problemcore5m592Rate Limiting in the Meshcore5m593Chaos Engineeringcore5m594Multi Tenancy Isolation Modelscore5m595The Content Addressed Storage Ideacore5m596Geo Routing and Latency Based Routingcore5m597The Outbox for Payment Eventscore5m598The S2 Cell Hierarchycore5m599Distributed Rate Limiting With Rediscore5m600Lag Compensationcore5m601Content Moderation In Feedscore4m602The Saga Orchestration vs Choreographycore5m603The Segment and Manifest HLScore5m604The Pricing and Promotions Enginecore5m605The Amazon Order Pipelinecore5m606Canary Deploymentcore5m607The HTTP Caching Strategy Revisitedcore5m608The Aggregator Patterncore5m609The Saga with Eventscore5m610GC Tuning Impactcore5m611The Failure Scenarios Discussioncore5m612OAuth2 PKCEcore5m613Flink Stateful Streamingcore5m614Offline Editing Synccore5m615Mutual TLS Automationcore5m616Adaptive Samplingcore5m617The Idempotency For Payments Deep Divecore5m618Queue Based Admission Controlcore5m619Distributed Tracingcore5m620Canary Analysis Automationcore5m621Search Index Shardingcore6m622The Saga for Distributed Paymentscore5m623The Long Lived Connection Load Balancingcore5m624The Quorum Based Replicationcore5m625Lambda versus Kappa Revisitedcore5m626The Web Crawler Designcore5m627The CDN for API Accelerationcore5m628Failure Detectorscore5m629The Airbnb Search and Bookingcore5m630The API Gateway and BFFcore5m631JWT Validationcore5m632Circuit Breaking in the Meshcore5m633The Tokenization Of Cards Deep Divecore5m634Snapshot Delta Compressioncore5m635Fan Out On Write Versus Readcore6m636Late Arriving Data and Watermarkscore5m637Real Time Location Streamingcore5m638The Concurrency Limitercore4m639The Key Value Store Designcore5m640Sampling Strategies for Tracescore5m641Recommendation in Commercecore5m642Database Sizingcore5m643Raft Basics Revisitedcore6m644The Competing Consumerscore5m645CQRS for Scalecore5m646Broker Replicationcore5m647The Spark Execution Modelcore6m648CRDT for Text Deep Divecore6m649The Query Language PromQLcore5m650Egress Gateway Controlcore5m651The Trace Aggregation Backendcore5m652Inventory Sync Across Channelscore5m653SLO SLI And Error Budgetscore6m654Hybrid Lexical and Vector Searchcore5m655Sticky Routing for Stateful Connectionscore5m656Sloppy Quorumcore4m657The Count Min Sketchcore5m658The Chat System Designcore5m659The Dropbox File Synccore5m660The Progressive Web App Architecturecore5m661Version History and Undocore6m662Wasm Extensions for Envoycore5m663Trace Storage and Retentioncore5m664CQRScore4m665Quorum Reads And Writescore5m666The Paxos Algorithm Basicscore6m667Conflict Free Replicated Data Typescore5m668Total Order Broadcastcore5m669Design a Web Crawlercore7m670Design a Distributed Cachecore6m671Design a Typeahead Suggestion Servicecore6m672Design a Webhook Delivery Systemcore6m673Design a Log Aggregation Pipelinecore6m674Token Introspection at Scalecore5m675Multi Tenant Authorizationcore5m676Exactly Once Charge Guaranteescore5m677Location Privacy Considerationscore5m678Retry Storms And Jittercore5m679GraphQL Schema Designcore5m680Webhook Designcore5m681Cost Modeling for Cloudcore5m682Broker Failovercore5m683Watermarks And Late Datacore5m684The OpenTelemetry Collectorcore5m685The Message Broker for Realtimecore5m686The Rate Limiting of Eventscore4m687Conflict Detection With Versionscore5m688Continuous Profilingcore5m689The Raft Log Replicationcore5m690Design a Metrics and Monitoring Systemcore7m691Design Search Autocompleteadvanced6m692Design a Distributed Rate Limiteradvanced6m693Runbooks And Incident Playbooksadvanced5m694Long Polling vs SSE vs WebSocketadvanced5m695Progressive Deliveryadvanced6m696The Regional Server Selectionadvanced5m697The Photo Sharing Designadvanced5m698On Call and Incident Responseadvanced6m699Stateful Stream Processingadvanced6m700Session and Token Revocationadvanced6m701Event Driven Testingadvanced5m702Communicating Assumptionsadvanced5m703Ordering Within A Partitionadvanced5m704Cart Abandonment Recovery Deep Diveadvanced6m705Regional Server Selectionadvanced6m706The Cardinality Problem In Metricsadvanced5m707Pagination and Deep Pagingadvanced5m708The Distributed Cache Designadvanced5m709Data Partitioning Strategyadvanced5m710Deduplication Storageadvanced6m711Data Partitioning and Bucketingadvanced5m712Compaction Strategiesadvanced6m713Relevance Tuning and Boostingadvanced6m714The Webhook for Payment Statusadvanced5m715The Gossip for Presenceadvanced5m716The Cron Scheduler at Scaleadvanced6m717The Game Session Lifecycleadvanced5m718The Activity Stream Modeladvanced5m719Cardinality Explosion in Metricsadvanced5m720Image Optimization at Edgeadvanced5m721Stream Table Dualityadvanced6m722The Spotify Recommendationadvanced6m723OAuth and OpenID Connectadvanced6m724Event Replay and Rebuildadvanced5m725Common Mistakes to Avoidadvanced5m726RBAC and ABACadvanced6m727Checkpointing And Savepointsadvanced5m728Returns and Refunds Flow Deep Diveadvanced6m729Replay And Spectator Systemsadvanced6m730Backpressureadvanced4m731Two Phase Commitadvanced5m732Hot Partition Mitigationadvanced5m733Request Coalescingadvanced5m734Byzantine Fault Toleranceadvanced6m735Split Brain Preventionadvanced5m736Lease Based Coordinationadvanced5m737Design a News Feedadvanced7m738Design a Distributed Job Scheduleradvanced7m739Design Uber Location Matchingadvanced7m740Design Dropbox File Syncadvanced7m741Design an Ad Click Aggregatoradvanced7m742Disaster Recovery RPO and RTOadvanced6m743Ordering Keys and Partitionsadvanced5m744Long Polling vs SSE vs WebSocketsadvanced6m745Contract Testing Between Servicesadvanced6m746The Policy Decision Pointadvanced5m747Rate Limiting Per User and Per Tenantadvanced5m748The Audit Log for Accessadvanced5m749The Quota And Billing Tiersadvanced5m750The Broadcast Joinadvanced5m751The APNs And FCM Gatewaysadvanced6m752Scheduling And Timezone Handlingadvanced6m753Cache Eviction LFUadvanced4m754The Thundering Herd Lockadvanced5m755Data Quality Checksadvanced5m756Blast Radius Containmentadvanced5m757Backup And Restore Testingadvanced6m758HATEOAS and Discoverabilityadvanced5m759gRPC and Protobufadvanced5m760Scaling Bottleneck Identificationadvanced5m761Cache vs Computeadvanced6m762Spot Instances and Costadvanced5m763Fan Out Subscriptionadvanced5m764Distributed Unique IDsadvanced5m765WebSocket for Collaborationadvanced6m766Data Quality and Validationadvanced5m767Rolling Deploymentadvanced5m768Index Refresh and Mergeadvanced6m769Fan Out Fan In Workflowsadvanced6m770Deduplication of Blocksadvanced5m771The Merkle Tree Anti Entropy Revisitedadvanced5m772Approximate Count with HyperLogLogadvanced5m773The Delta Compression Of Stateadvanced5m774Follower Graph Storageadvanced5m775SLOs and Error Budgetsadvanced6m776The Bulkhead Isolationadvanced5m777The TLS Termination at Edgeadvanced6m778The Changelog and State Storeadvanced6m779Inventory Reservationadvanced6m780Single Responsibility at Scaleadvanced6m781The Discord Voice and Chatadvanced6m782Mutual TLS for Servicesadvanced6m783Temporal Queries on Eventsadvanced5m784N Plus One Eliminationadvanced5m785The Structured Framework Approachadvanced5m786Bulkheading Servicesadvanced5m787Consistent Hashing for Storageadvanced6m788The Distributed Rate Limiteradvanced5m789Token Revocation Strategiesadvanced6m790Shuffle Optimizationadvanced6m791Delta of Delta Encodingadvanced5m792Exemplars Linking Metrics and Tracesadvanced5m793The PCI DSS Scopeadvanced6m794Recommendation In Commerce Deep Diveadvanced6m795Leaderboards At Scaleadvanced6m796Consistent Hashingadvanced5m797Write Amplificationadvanced6m798The Strangler Fig Patternadvanced5m799Backfilling and Reprocessingadvanced6m800Request Hedgingadvanced5m801Chaos Engineering Experimentsadvanced6m802Change Data Capture Pipelinesadvanced5m803Cache Coherence Across Nodesadvanced6m804Webhook Security and Signaturesadvanced6m805Feature Flags And Kill Switchesadvanced5m806Live Streaming Architectureadvanced6m807PCI Scope Minimizationadvanced5m808Conflict Free Replicated Countersadvanced5m809Route Planning At Scaleadvanced6m810The Lua Script Atomicityadvanced5m811Large File Resumable Uploadadvanced5m812Top K Heavy Hittersadvanced6m813The Spectator And Replay Systemadvanced5m814Real Time Feed Updatesadvanced5m815The Video Streaming Designadvanced5m816The Contract Testingadvanced5m817The Live Streaming Pipelineadvanced6m818The Watermark and Late Dataadvanced6m819Idempotent Pipeline Designadvanced5m820Fraud Detection in Ordersadvanced6m821Capacity Headroom Planningadvanced5m822Strong vs Eventual Consistencyadvanced6m823Consistent Snapshots Chandy Lamportadvanced6m824The Google Docs Collaborationadvanced6m825Edge Computingadvanced5m826The WebSocket Scaling for Webadvanced6m827Event Versioning and Upcastingadvanced5m828Lock Contention Reductionadvanced5m829Time Management in the Interviewadvanced5m830Cell Based Isolation Revisitedadvanced5m831Message Compactionadvanced6m832Clock Synchronization with NTPadvanced5m833Personalization in Searchadvanced5m834Exactly Once Streamingadvanced6m835Collaborative State Persistenceadvanced6m836Fault Injection Testingadvanced5m837Critical Path Analysisadvanced5m838The Foreign Exchange Handlingadvanced6m839Price and Promotion Engine Deep Diveadvanced6m840Dedicated Server Orchestrationadvanced6m841Schema Registry and Evolutionadvanced6m842Bot Detection and WAF at the Edgeadvanced6m843Vector Search for Semantic Retrievaladvanced6m844Cross Region Replication of Objectsadvanced5m845Chain Replicationadvanced5m846The Retry and Timeout Budgetadvanced5m847Quorum for Storageadvanced6m848The Regulatory Audit Trailadvanced6m849Vector Clocksadvanced6m850Service Meshadvanced6m851The FLP Impossibility Resultadvanced5m852Distributed Locks with Fencing Tokensadvanced6m853Design a Chat Messaging Systemadvanced7m854Design a Ride Sharing Backendadvanced7m855Design a Cloud File Storage Systemadvanced8m856Design YouTube Video Recommendationsadvanced7m857The Outbox and Inbox Patternsadvanced6m858Load Sheddingadvanced5m859Backfilling Pipelines Safelyadvanced5m860Request Reply over Messagingadvanced5m861The Idempotency Key Headeradvanced6m862Read Repair and Hinted Handoffadvanced6m863The Anti Corruption Layeradvanced6m864Rate Limiting at the Edgeadvanced6m865Attribute Based Access Control Engineadvanced5m866Secrets Rotation Pipelineadvanced5m867Surge Pricing Computationadvanced6m868Distributed Locks for Singleton Jobsadvanced6m869The Content Addressed Store Revisitedadvanced5m870Delivery Retry And Fallback Channeladvanced6m871Idempotent Send Guaranteesadvanced6m872The Anti Cheat Detectionadvanced6m873The Feed Generation Pipelineadvanced5m874Anomaly Detection in Metricsadvanced6m875Cache Consistency With Invalidationadvanced5m876The DASH Protocoladvanced6m877Flash Sale High Trafficadvanced6m878Multi AZ And Multi Regionadvanced6m879GraphQL N Plus One and DataLoaderadvanced5m880Load Testing Methodologyadvanced5m881The FLP Impossibilityadvanced5m882The Cloudflare Edge Networkadvanced6m883Multi Cloud Strategyadvanced5m884The GraphQL Gatewayadvanced6m885The Guaranteed Deliveryadvanced5m886Incident Detection and Responseadvanced6m887Eventual Consistency Boundariesadvanced5m888Cache Friendly Data Layoutadvanced5m889Exactly Once With Idempotencyadvanced6m890Data Skew Handling Deep Diveadvanced6m891Server Reconciliation in Collaborationadvanced6m892Gorilla Compressionadvanced6m893Locality Aware Routingadvanced5m894Trace Based Alertingadvanced5m895Tokenization of Card Dataadvanced5m896The State Machine Replicationadvanced5m897Data Skew Handlingadvanced6m898The Ride Sharing Designadvanced5m899The Distributed Tracing for Microservicesadvanced5m900The Settlement And Clearingadvanced6m901Event Sourcingadvanced5m902Hot Key Mitigation With Request Coalescingadvanced6m903Schema Migrations Safelyadvanced6m904Exactly Once Stream Processingadvanced6m905The Cell Based Architectureadvanced6m906Capacity and the Universal Scalability Lawadvanced6m907The Feature Store for MLadvanced5m908The Log Structured Merge Tree Revisitedadvanced6m909Eventual Consistency in API Responsesadvanced6m910The Canary Deployment Analysisadvanced6m911DNS Based Global Load Balancingadvanced6m912Learning to Rank in Searchadvanced6m913The ETA Prediction Serviceadvanced6m914The Workflow Orchestration Engineadvanced6m915Adaptive Rate Limitingadvanced6m916Encryption at Rest for Blobsadvanced5m917The Feed Personalizationadvanced5m918The Multi CDN Strategyadvanced6m919Exactly Once in Kafkaadvanced6m920Backfill and Reprocessingadvanced5m921Little's Law in Queueingadvanced5m922Read Optimized vs Write Optimizedadvanced6m923Paxos Basicsadvanced6m924The Stripe Payments Reliabilityadvanced6m925GitOps Workflowadvanced5m926The Content Security Policy at Scaleadvanced6m927The Routing Slipadvanced5m928Database Query Optimization Recapadvanced5m929Shuffle Shardingadvanced5m930Erasure Codingadvanced6m931Fencing Tokens Distributedadvanced5m932Semantic Search with Embeddingsadvanced5m933Policy Engines and OPAadvanced6m934Cost Based Query Planningadvanced6m935Large Document Performanceadvanced6m936Long Term Storage for Metricsadvanced6m937Ambient Mesh and Sidecarlessadvanced6m938Distributed Profilingadvanced5m939Distributed Inventory Consistency Deep Diveadvanced6m940Server Side Anti Cheatadvanced6m941Dispute and Chargeback Flowsadvanced5m942Operational Transformation for Collaborationadvanced6m943The Real Time Dashboard Pipelineadvanced6m944The Sidecar and Service Mesh Recapadvanced5m945The Phi Accrual Failure Detectoradvanced5m946The Fraud Scoring Pipelineadvanced6m947The Ticket Booking Concurrencyadvanced5m948Precomputation and Materializationadvanced5m949Design a Distributed Key Value Storeadvanced8m950Design a Video Streaming Serviceadvanced8m951Design Google Docs Collaborationadvanced7m952Adaptive Concurrency Limitsadvanced6m953The Saga Across Microservice APIsadvanced6m954Hot Region Sharding By Geoadvanced6m955Multi Paxos Overviewadvanced5m956The Fan Out For Broadcastadvanced6m957Distributed Inventory Consistencyadvanced6m958The Power of Two Choicesadvanced5m959The Micro Frontendsadvanced6m960Graceful Overload Handlingadvanced5m961Backpressure In Brokersadvanced6m962Hybrid Retrieval Fusionadvanced5m963Percentile Computationadvanced6m964Multi Cluster Meshadvanced6m965Order Saga Deep Diveadvanced6m966Multi Region Active Activeadvanced6m967Blue Green Database Changesadvanced5m968Multi Region Failoveradvanced6m969Erasure Coding for Durabilityadvanced6m970Eventual Consistency in Balancesadvanced5m971Cost Optimization for Analyticsadvanced6m972The Process Manageradvanced6m973Rollback Netcodeadvanced6m974Durable Execution and Checkpointsadvanced6m975The Saga Compensation Flowadvanced6m976The Deployment Pipeline Stagesadvanced6m977The CRDT for Collaborative Editingadvanced6m978The Dispatch Matching Algorithmadvanced6m979PBFT Overviewadvanced6m980The Reranking Pipelineadvanced5m981Flash Sale Architecture Deep Diveadvanced7m982Design a Payment Systemadvanced8m983Design a Stock Exchange Matching Engineadvanced8m984Consumer Lag Monitoringadvanced4m985Search Index Sharding Deep Diveadvanced5m986Backpressure in Realtime Streamsadvanced5m
Practice · 628 problems
🏛️Rescue the falling-over app940🏛️The stale exchange rate950🏛️Authorization Code, From Scratch955🏛️Splitting the user directory960🏛️Storing server metrics960🏛️Cache-aside for product pages960🏛️Add a nullable column safely960🏛️The double-charged card960🏛️From One Box to Three960🏛️The video that buffers on phones960🏛️Server-Side Sessions965🏛️The wrong sales tax970🏛️One Front Door970🏛️One ingest server, one stream down970🏛️The upload that silently never processed970🏛️TOTP Enrollment975🏛️The endpoint that fell to a script980🏛️The Roommates' Apartment Chat980🏛️Tiny Town Trivia980🏛️Shared Cursors in a Doc980🏛️Ops Metrics Wall980🏛️Two buyers, one last unit980🏛️Per-IP Token Bucket980🏛️First Canary Release980
+ 604 more in the arena