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Gold1430

System Design

The Chargeback And Dispute Flow

Handling a cardholder dispute through evidence submission and ledger reversal.

5 min read · core · beat Gold to climb

What a chargeback is

A chargeback is a forced reversal initiated by the cardholder bank when a customer disputes a charge. Unlike a refund you choose to issue, a chargeback is imposed on you and follows a defined dispute lifecycle with deadlines.

The dispute lifecycle

The flow moves through stages. A dispute is opened, the merchant may submit evidence to contest it, and the issuer then decides. Each stage has a strict response deadline that, if missed, forfeits the case.

Ledger impact

When a chargeback lands, you post a reversal that removes the original revenue and often a separate fee. If you win the dispute, you post another entry restoring the funds.

Operational guidance

  • Track each dispute deadline so responses are never missed.
  • Post the chargeback reversal and any fee as explicit ledger entries.
  • Keep evidence linked to the original transaction reference.

Key idea

A chargeback is a bank initiated reversal with deadlines, and each stage maps to explicit ledger entries.

Check yourself

Answer to earn rating on the learn ladder.

1. How does a chargeback differ from a refund?

2. What happens if you miss a dispute deadline?